If your working with 1/8 to 3/8 mild steel use a 7018 rod.
To get a better weld or penetration with some thick material, grind the joint to a 30 degree bevel and make multiple passes.
Or make the first pass with a 6010 rod, then make a "cap" with a 7018 rod
7024 rod is for alot of beginners the easiest to use. Its a "drag rod" the rods thick flux automatically maintains the correct arc length, which allows you to drag the rod directly along the work piece and eliminates the problem of being to close or too far.
Holding the electrode too closely will make the welding voltage drop. This makes an inconsistent arc that may cause the rod to freeze or stick. This also might cause your weld bead to be really high or have a crown to it.
Excessively long arcs with the rod will make for too much voltage and produce spatter, undercuts and maybe porous welds "holes in the weld"
if the metal is 1/4 inch and under try a drag method and it will keep from the weld building up
3/8 and up, try a "z" pattern, semi circles
if your welding verticle, spend more time near the sides and not the metal and allow the puddle to catch up.
when welding from say 1/4" to 3/8" spend more time towards the thicker material.
if your welding horazontaly or over head, use a backhand or drag technique and hold the rod at a slight angle towards the direction of travel.
if your pushing a weld verticly up, use a push or forehand technique and tilt the top of the rod slightly away from the direction of travel.
also you need a good view of the weld puddle. Otherwise, you can't see if you're welding in the joint, keeping the arc/rod on the leading edge of the puddle and using the right amount of heat. Keep your head off to the side and out of the smoke so you can easily see the puddle.
I had some serious **** fits till I had a field mechanic hand me some 7018 rod and a few tips. I only use mig now but I miss the days when I did everything with arc as I truly enjoyed the learning and small victories as I got better at it and could get the desired results.
wow that was long winded, anyways pm me or post if you have some questions