Thanks everyone for giving something new for me to worry about.
Surely they are better than the stock D44 I was running?
Primarily from
this article:
Minor diameter of neckdown long side shaft: 1.318"
Minor diameter of non-neckdown long side shaft: 1.441"
Minor diameter of neckdown short side shaft: 1.318"
Minor diameter of non-neckdown short side shaft: 1.445"
That means that the non-neckdown long side shafts should be 43% stronger than neckdown shafts and that the (non-neckdown) short side shafts should be 44% stronger than the neckdown shafts.
This doesn't take into account fatigue or changes in metallurgy (which have a huge effect on the strength of the shaft).
The 30 spline outers have a minor diameter of 1.281" and (Spicer) 35 spline outers have a minor diameter of 1.377". That is a strength difference of 34%.
I suspect (from pictures and comparison to my own Alloy USA outers) that the aftermarket 35 spline outers don't neck down as much as the Spicers do. Next time I have them out I will measure them.
Dana 44 outers have 1.128" 19 spline outers. 30 spline 60 outer shafts are 66% stronger than dana 44 (or 10 bolt) outers assuming they are made of the same material.
It all depends on what you think the weak point is on any axle. If you think that the outer shafts are the weak point on a dana 44 (which it likely is) and you think the (stock 30 spline) outers on a dana 60 are the weak point on a dana 60 (which it likely is) then the D60 is 66% stronger.
Even the neckdown inner shafts should be significantly stronger than the (30 spline) outers, both because they have a larger minor diameter and because they are longer (longer shafts can sustain higher torque loads without reaching their yield (fail) strength).
Of course with used shafts you never know...