Wow....this has been covered at least a billion times on here.
There is a lot to your question. For one....most people dont swap 10 bolts out for 12 bolts because there really isnt a gain in strength. Most people on here prefer to swap their rear 10 bolts for 14 bolt full floating rear ends. The 14ff (as it is refered to) is very very strong and usually considered "unbreakable." The problem with the 10 bolt rear end is that it is light duty....its small, and small equals weak. Not to mention that its semi-floating so if/when it does break an axleshaft....the tire falls off. The 14ff is not only a good option because of its brute strength...but they are also a dime a dozen. They are very cheap and very common.
You mentiond swapping to a dana axle. There are many many different dana axles so it all depends. The D44 axle is about the same strength as the GM 10 bolt. 10 bolt and D44 front axles (unlike the rear) are full floating. Therefore...more people run them up front than in the back. The upgrade most people running big tires like to do is the D60. Its much larger and stronger than either the D44 or 10 bolt. But...with the D60, D44, and 10 bolt...you have a full floaing front axle...meaning (unlike the rear) if you break an axle shaft...you only lose power to that wheel and you dont lose the wheel itself.
About the interchangeability of chevy axles....they are very interchangeable. All the half ton trucks used the same width spring mounting surface (42.5") and shock mounts from the early 1970's into the 1990's. The 3/4 tons with heavier axles are the same also. The 1-tons are a little different. 14ff axles are found under 1-tons....and if you want to put one in a K5 all you have to do is cut off the spring perches and move them each out 1"...you also have to re-locate the shock mounts. This is another reason why so many people run these rear ends under K5's...because it requires very little work to make them fit. The 1-ton front axles (the infamous D60) bolt right in.
I briefly went into this for you....there is much much more about this. Do some searching around on this site and you will find out a ton of information. I just dont feel like typing it all out for you.
-Harrison