So, I've experienced the exact thing in my 84 K10. Any time I'm in between acceleration and deceleration, I got a horrible vibration and noise. I had slop in my output shaft, but the u-joints looked good. I HIGHLY suggest replacing the output shaft bearing, seal, and bushing. I haven't completed the project (apparently no one stock the bearing).
Here's a picture of my damaged bushing (apparently from a botched seal removal from years ago):
Also, here's a YouTube video I posted specifically for this thread. The bearing doesn't have much slop, but this certainly explains the noise I'm experiencing.
https://youtu.be/43nJ8IKSIzI
The bearing is PN: 6207, 207, 1207l, 607 (or some variant). You need to buy the output shaft seal KIT (comes with the bushing). PN: 1207l, 2607j, or 5208.
I haven't finished the job, but I'm sure this was the culprit. Hope it helps.