I've read SOME stories of people not using a resistor of any type and still getting charge.
Since you have a separate voltmeter, with the cluster removed, check the voltage coming into the instrument cluster with the truck running. Due to the age of the wiring, the distance, and number of connections in the wiring from the alternator to the cluster, voltage can very often vary. Yours is off too much IMO, but that may be a result of a bad connection.
You can always check voltage at the fuse panel and the junction block in the engine bay too if your voltage looks off at the cluster, see if you find something obviously bad that is causing voltage issues.
Those clips appear to be stainless steel, I've not seen any corroded yet, but I'd be looking for a bad contact.
Since you have a separate voltmeter, with the cluster removed, check the voltage coming into the instrument cluster with the truck running. Due to the age of the wiring, the distance, and number of connections in the wiring from the alternator to the cluster, voltage can very often vary. Yours is off too much IMO, but that may be a result of a bad connection.
You can always check voltage at the fuse panel and the junction block in the engine bay too if your voltage looks off at the cluster, see if you find something obviously bad that is causing voltage issues.
Those clips appear to be stainless steel, I've not seen any corroded yet, but I'd be looking for a bad contact.

