Rear axles on the 70's to 87's had a 3 letter code stamped on the axle tube somewhere-(like "CDL as an example)"-the book says the code is on the right side tube on the upper surface near a shock mount,but I've found them on the left tube and on the bottom,wherever the person felt like stamping it that day I guess..
I've had to wire brush both axle tubes before finally finding the code,then was lucky if I could read them,and then had to call a dealer or use a Hollander interchange manual and have them look up the ratio going by the code,they could also tell if it was a posi too..
Its faster and easier to pull the diff cover and read the numbers stamped on the ring gear,and use your calculator to divide the larger number into the smaller one..(example--if it says "41-11" it has 4.11 ratio gears)..the diffs probably need a good lube change anyway...