Nitrous oxide and turbo diesels are a match made in heaven. Reason is if you squeeze the motor too hard nothing will happen but loosing some power, no finicy air/fuel ratio, blowing holee in pistons... I love diesels.
Propane is not that popular really. What it does is help burn 100% of the air/fuel in the cylinder. Diesel alone doesn't completely burn in a diesel engine, which is why you get smoke at times, etc. When the propane makes 100% of the fuel burn you gain some power and it helps cool the EGT's some since running rich and having unburnt fuel is what drives temps up. Propane does drive mileage up, but is offset with a second tank to fill, duh.
It's really not that popular of an add on, most guys just prefer a nice black box for power, some bigger injectors, and if they are having EGT issues it seems a larger turbo is more popular than propane, obviously.