Single phase 220 is what is found in most houses and garages. It is a 3 wire circuit. One of them being neutral and the other two carring 110 vac. Your clothes dryer is single phase 220.
Three phase 220 is less common and found in commercial and industrial buildings. It is a 4 wire circuit. One is a ground and the other 3 alternate carrying the 110 vac.
Advantages of 220 3 phase are, It is usually cheaper to run equipment with three phase. You can run larger more powerful tools with three phase. Sometimes if you are an auction goer you can buy used three phase equipment cheaply as many people don't want it or can't use it.