Just made the connection. You're the guy who had the possible rear main leaking from sitting in the water.
Diesels are funny. How deep was the tailpipe? I would clean off all the outside oil, and drain the crank NOW. If you see any milky stuff in the oil, then you need to refill it with new oil, crank it and run if for a couple of minutes and then drain the oil again. Water is not as deadly as people think it is. I have run engines with water in the crankcase lots of times. Not on purpose, of course. Where the water does its main damage is after you turn the truck off. Then it causes the crank journals to rust ruining the bearings. While its being pumped through and mixing with the oil, it does not have time to really do bad things.
If the tailpipe was really deep, its possible that the back pressure caused the seal to leak. If you are going to do a flush with new oil, I would watch it and see if its still leaking now before you pull the pan.
The starter is probably ok. At least for now. If it has a bad on it, just take the band off and wash it out good with a hose. Turning it slightly to get any dirt out from under the brushes.
The probable probably is the solenoid. There is dirt inside where the contacts are and won't let them close. If you could get the end cap off, you could clean it out. But I'm not sure you can still do that on the newer ones. If you see a vent hole in the end, washing it out with a hose might get the dirt out if it has not embedded its self into the contacts when you tried to start it.
You may eventually have to replace the starter, because the grease in the bushings may have gotten washed out. But you should be able to make it work for now.
Remember, its already been under water. A hose will not hurt it now.