When I blew up my 12 bolt, I broke the smaller spider gears. One of the gears got lodged between the carrier and the pinion and locked that up. Since it was the smaller spider gears that broke, the big bigger side gears was still in place with the C-clips in place. Now if the side gears are free wheeling without losing the axle-shafts.
It was a one of a million break because if I loose the side gears (with the cross pin still in place) I lose axle-shafts. And I won't have been able to drive home.
I don't think this is your problem because you where able to still get up that ledge. If the pinion was locked like I was, your drive-shafts will not turn at all. Front or rear because they are connected by the transfer case.
Yet the rear end freewheeled home fine.
You got two places to look at, The rear end and transfer case.
Put some jack-stands under your rear axle and see if you can turn the pinion. Probably pull the cover to find any loose chunks of metal that could get lodged and dislodged between the gears.
I would then try to turn the rear output of the transfer-case in all the gears and neutral to see if anything is binding.
BTW, what transfer-case are you running?
Edit, by the year of your truck, I would guess you would have either an auto with a 203, or a manual with 205.