Code 42- EST Circuit.
When the system is running on the Ignition Module, that is, no voltage on the by-pass line, the Ignition Module grounds the EST signal. The ECM expects to see no voltage on the EST line during this condition, If it sees a voltage, it sets a Code 42 and wont go into EST mode.
When RPM for EST is reached (around 400 RPM) and by-pass volatge is applied, the EST should no longer be grounded in the ignition module so the EST voltage should be varying.
If the by-pass lone is open or grounded, the ignition module wont switch to EST mode, so the EST voltage will be low and Code 42 will set.
If the EST line is grounded, the ignition module will switch to EST, but because the line is grounded there will be no EST signal. Code 42 will be set.
Problems.
EST line open or grounded
Bypass line open or grounded
A scan tool wont have any ability to help diagnose a code 42 problem.
A PROM not fully seated in the ECm can set a Code 42.
Hope this helps, I will try and get a diagram up later.