Naval Jelly is nothing more than phosphoric acid in gel form..
I have used it on a large metal box that was rusty to turn the rust black,and I just rinsed it off with water (garden hose) ,let it dry in the hot sun,and painted it with black Rustoleum--it hasn't peeled or rusted since,so I'd say you can paint over it after a good rinse..
P-O-R stands for "paint over rust",it actually needs some rust to activate it and get the best results..many guys I know who tried it said it sucked and was too costly,had sandblasted the parts clean first..
I have used it on several vehicles and all I did was wire brush off the loose rust & crud with a drill,and brushed the P-O-R right over the still surface rusty metal and ten years later it still looks good..
Permatex/Locktite makes "Extend" and Rustoleum has "Rust Reformer" that is a milky looking latex product that dries fairly clear after it converts rust to a black primer,that stuff can be painted over ,and I didn't even rinse it first..