In addition to the above posts, the oil cooler retains a charge of old oil which will mix back in as the engine runs.
That is true..
But I deleted the oil cooler on my 6.2 and my VW never had one factory..just the oil left clinging to the engine's crankcase and pan will make the fresh oil turn black fast.
I change the oil in my 6.2 about every 3500 miles--if I remember right the owners manual states an even lower figure,especially in cold climates or your driving is mostly short trips..
My truck has only gone from 34,000 miles to almost 50,000 since I got it in 2003,so it sat a lot..
I feel oil is cheaper than engines so I try to keep it under 4000 miles between oil changes and it usually needs 1-2 qts added in the meantime,so I know the oil should still be "good"..
I haven't used synthetic in my diesels and wont,I see no advantage to them in a high mileage engine run on conventional oils all its life..it'd be a waste of money..
I've had more than one engine sound like it was going to blow after using synthetic too,but went back to "normal" with regular oil..
I feel if you want to run synthetic it should be done from new,not in an old engine with some wear..
As for the fuel filter,I have the big spin on one on the firewall..
I left the new looking WIX one on it that came with the truck ,which was just replaced ,but "ignored" it for 13 years,and I ended up stranded 15 miles away on the side of the road when a rough road with bad frost heaves "shook it up" hard enough to loosen the rust & crap at the bottom of the filter,and plugged it solid..
That stupidity cost me a $100 tow..
I now have an electric fuel pump added near the fuel tank,which requires a dinky Ford style gas filter on its input feed side,which might hold a teaspoon of dirt --I've been expecting that to plug up,but so far it hasn't...at least having one there,protects the pump,and prolongs the life of the larger spin on filter..
I do not have a secondary filter,there wasn't any when I got the truck--I figure the small filter at the pump,the sock in the tank,and the spin on one will filter the fuel enough not to cause any injector pump problems..