All engines, transmissions, and differentials develop pressure inside their housings from the motion of the parts and the heat produced inside them, this causes the lubricants to expand, the vent allows the pressure from the expanding materials to escape, preventing your seals from leaking due to the pressure, cars don't usually have hoses attached, but they have breathers just the same, the hoses are used on trucks, especially 4X4's to get the breather at a higher level to prevent water from entering the breather when four wheeling or traveling in muddy conditions or deep water.