Rusty K5 is mistaken. Having more batteries absolutey DOES increase cranking speed. Cranking speed depends on the voltage under load. When a starter is hooked up correctly (I'm not sure your's is), it is supposed to draw the 12.5 no-load battery voltage down to the 9 volt range. Anything below 9 volts will be dismal. One good battery might crank a 9.5 volts, whereas two batteries in parrallel will result in a 10 or 10.5 cranking voltage which will spin the engine over must faster. One battery is NOT sufficient - unless you live in the tropics and temp never gets below 80 degrees.
In regard to your cable hookups - I'm not sure what kind of "power block" you have. I'm not up on the military stuff. But, I've got over 20 diesel vehicles, many of the G.M. 6.2s - been driving them for years. You need a good, at least #2 size cable getting to the starter.
I worked as an injection pump rebuilder and diesel mechanic for most of my life (but quit around 10 years ago).
My GM diesels include two 83 K5 4WD diesel Blazers, an 86 K5 4WD diesel Blazer, 87 and 89 V20 4WD diesel Suburbans, 82 K10 4WD diesel pickup, 81 Chevy Chevette diesel (Isuzu engine), and an 83 K5 4WD diesel Blazer I'm building into a small motorhome.