There was a post on this a couple of weeks ago. My response is that they will absolutely screw up a carbureted engine because they will cause turbulence in the venturis, making fuel metering inconsistent. They have been shown to work on TBI engines, but they don't have the gains the manufacturers claim. David Vizard's book on carburetors and intake manifolds goes into a little theory WRT these types of devices. The basics are that they help to more evenly distribute the injected fuel droplets in the center of the moving air stream and help to keep the droplets from clinging to the walls of the plenum and runners.
But, remember that all that becomes junk if the system is carbureted because if you can't get the iixture into the air stream in the first place, you aren't getting a good burn...