Thats part of the high altitude EVAP stuff.
No idea how it operates.
Fumes escape the tank through that line, before the diaphram. The rubber hose that is broken (I assume that's what you are calling a nipple? Everything else looks fine) is almost certainly connected to a steel line that runs up the frame rail to the EVAP cannister. But you are probably right, to get to it, you'd have to drop the tank.
That's an odd place for a line like that to break IMO.
My suspicion is that diaphram somehow limits when the tank purges, probably somehow based on pressure.
