There are a couple things to consider for an exact replacement.
Yoke
Gear ratio
brakes
e brake style
lug count
All of these things can be handled pretty easy as long as you get the same ratio. Chances are you will have a pretty easy time finding one.
Brakes can be swapped from the backing plates out so getting a different brake size is no big deal. Keep it or bolt your existing brake system to it.
If it has a different ebrake system, You will need to swap the backing plates. At least that is what I did when I put a 77 12 bolt in my 87 K5. I can't remember if the ebrake system is dependent on the backing plates.
If the yoke is a different size, your dline will not bolt up. You can get a conversion joint pretty cheap and you should change the ujoint anyways if you have it out. Also change the bearing and seals. they are cheap too...
If you get a 5 lug axle, just put in your 6 lugs. they are the same so feel free to get a rear off a 2wd. You will have a much easier time finding one on a 2wd for cheap.
I recommend getting a 12 bolt. its not much better than a 10 but if you are swapping, might as well go with the better axle... the only difference I found that was not "swapable" was the 12 bolt yoke was 1 inch closer to the the tcase. That meant the travel length of the dline has been shortened. most people would not let that inch bother them. I had a new dline made to a custome length but that was, primarily, because I had a cv shaft made for the rear.
I think there were 10 bolts in the late 70's. maybe just for 2wd, I don't know. I also have an 81K5 that has a stock 12 bolt... For sure in the eighties. Again, you will have no problem finding one in the smallest of towns...