I've seen a few serpentine belts that slide over a seized idler pulley and not make a peep,one on a Lincoln had the idler pulley seized up so long the belt wore off the metal grooves on one side of the pulley--guy drove it a few thousand miles before his mechanic,a good friend of mine, noticed the pulley wasn't moving one day after he did an oil change!.
He said "hey--look at this",and started the engine,and I was surprised the belt could skid over a seized up pulley so long,without burning up--but it had polished it so smooth it glided over it with little resistance..
The customer said his battery "died" one night out of town,so he put a new one in a few weeks before,and said he felt it wasn't recharging properly--it was possible at highway speeds the belt slipped enough to not turn the alternator fast enough to keep up with the A/C and other accessories..
If you have no power getting to some items at the fuse box though,I'd say that is probably the source of your troubles..
I have seen fuse boxes corrode internally where the two halves bolt together at the firewall,or get water intrusion on under the hood mounted ones..
Your truck should have at least two fusible links--one at the red wire on the starter solenoid,that goes under the positive battery cable,some trucks have two red wires and fuse links there--also another one near the power brake booster at the firewall,and some had one in the thick red wire coming off the rear of the alternator..if any of those fail,it can cause these troubles..
Another long shot possibility is the alternator has some rotor winding that broke and they "fly out" at higher rpms and touch the case or stator and short out..but I would think it would have failed completely by now if that were the case..