The c-clip itself rarely ever is the true failure point and is a heck of a lot stronger than a pressed on bearing. The closest I have come to seeing a c-clip failure is something in the diff being very worn out and letting the c-clip walk out of the groove. There simply is very little force acting on the c-clip. On the other hand I have seen a couple flanged D44 rear axles lose a rear axle shaft when the bearings failed, including one where the tire/hub/shaft came half the way out of the housing on the road before the driver got it stopped. The other thing is if you break a shaft on any semi-float axle you still can't really drive on it. Limping off the trail is easier but you will destroy the axle bearings in no time if you take off down the road which leads to the above.
Yes, a Detroit locker is more expensive for a 14SF but this because it is a full carrier replacement versus the 14FF which is just a drop in (basically a lunchbox style). The 14FF Detroit is actually one of the cheapest versions out of any axle.
Upgrading a rear 10-bolt with just chromo shafts is probably going to cost more than buying a 14SF. I would rather have the 14SF with stock shafts and just a Lock-right versus a 10-bolt with chromos, Detroit, yada, yada and it would be much cheaper.
If going with a 14SF rear I would still recommend jumping to 8-lug. It would be easier and cheaper to find as the 6-lug versions are not that common, plus you are set if you ever decide to upgrade either the rear axle to a 14FF or the front to a D60.