I think there are entire books written on that subject Dave.
In general, air bleeds change the "curve" of the fuel, more air boosts the signal down low but flattens it out up high as more air is mixed in. It changes the slope of the curve, not just a flow amount.
Fuel restrictions change the amount of fuel like a jet, but for idle, or for when the power valve opens, how much extra fuel does it add, etc.
I've read pages and pages of that stuff and tried a lot of it, but I have forgotten some of it, as I got so tired of dumping fuel out of the bowls so many times and smelling like gas I kind of got over it, I rebuilt another Holley a couple years ago for the boat. Still have a lot of Holley parts, rarely use them much anymore.