Yes you can run it without an ECM. But you need to add a DRAC and something to output the 40PPR the DRAC is looking for. Perhaps someone by now makes a bolt on speedo gear driven "box" that will feed the speedo directly (can't recall it's input, probably 2 or 4k PPM) eliminating the need for the DRAC. And/or swap to a 90-91 NP241 that has the right speed sensor/tone ring for the DRAC.
My expectation is that would all be prohibitively costly.
Might be better off selling that cluster (apparently popular for LS swaps into the trucks, they are asking a lot on eBay for them) and just spending the money on a known good cluster that uses the speedo cable.
The later clusters are better, but not a whole lot than your earlier one. Electronic speedometer and slightly better circuit layout are the only improvements IMO, the gauges are identical in function as previous. Unless someone burned it up, or really destroyed the flexible circuit, I'd bet money you could make most if not all of yours work. But I know PO's really screw things up. So I can't say for sure without seeing it.