For beefing up a rear 10-bolt, here is what I would suggest:
Replacement carrier/differential - such as a Detroit Locker or full case aftermarket posi like a Tru-Trac, do NOT use a drop in locker like the Lock-Right or EZ-locker as they will do nothing to strengthen the axle.
When replacing the carrier, install one meant for 30-spline axles. The 10-bolts originally came equipped with smaller 28-spline axleshafts, and around '88 or so they started using larger 30-spline shafts. If your 10-bolt originally was 28-spline, you can simply swap in a 30-spline carrier for no extra money and then buy some high strength axle shafts from someplace like Moser (usually about $250-$300 for a pair).
Finally, use some good aftermarket ring and pinion gears.
I ran a 10-bolt rear with aftermarket 4.10 gears, Detroit Tru-Trac, and high strength 30-spline shafts for about 2 years with 33's and 1 year with 35's, and did some fairly serious trail riding, with no problems from the rear axle......though I did break the front 10-bolt a couple of times.
The trouble is that you will wind up spending more money beefing up the 10-bolt then it would probably cost to convert to something like a 14 bolt SF or FF rear, even when including new 8-lug wheels. I finally put in a 14FF rear because I wanted a full locker and didn't want to spend more money on the 10, and for the peace of mind that the 14FF should never leave me stranded.