A GM service tech I know told me he has had to use the hammer & punch method many times at his job at a dealership to get the cross shaft out when those bolts break..they do resort to drilling too,but only if the faster hammer method appears it isn't going to work..
He aid the reason I "chunked" the diff carrier that time was probably because I hit the wrong end of the cross shaft--you want to push "in" on the pin end,drive it in towards the spider gears from the bolt side "in",there is more meat on the carrier in there and is less likely to fracture or break a chunk out--doing so in the opposite direction ,the remains of the bolt only has about 1/2" of carrier ,to the outer edge of it ,and it can take a hunk out or crack it much easier..
I cringe every time I've had to remove those bolts..
been pretty lucky,only had 2 that were broke and they came out fairly easy..
One truck my friend had to take apart at his shop to replace wheel bearings evidently had been "beaten out" before,there was NO bolt,but some damage around the carrier where the bolt hole is,and someone had driven in a "roll pin" in its place..
It took him several hours to get it removed,he had to resort to brazing a washer to the end of the roll pin that luckily was sticking out about 3/16".and was then able to pry it out enough to grab it with side cutters and extract it..
He informed the customer of what he found,along with some wear on the ring & pinion and some metal filings in the gear lube--the customer said "just put it back together with another roll pin,and I'll plan on getting a used rear axle from a salvage yard.."...
About 3 years later the truck was towed in on a ramp truck,the rear diff cover had a gash in it that looked like a shaved vagina..

...rear wheels locked up going 60+ mph on the highway..customer noted the diff was "howling and grinding" for a few months before it let go..

..