Ok, I'll add my .02 --
I used to have a 14 bolt with a Detroit and ran it in a K10 (both 4spd & auto) with 38's, 39's and 44's. It chirped the tires a lot in slow tight turns but didn't seem to exaggerate the tire wear (beyond typical bias ply mud tire wear). I noticed it unlocking & locking a lot with the 4 spd, not so much with the auto. As for drivability it was fine, zero complaints.
I later installed this in a 14 bolt in a V3500 with an auto and 35's, I could not tell it was there at all.
I now have a D70HD with a spool in a K5 with a 4spd and 43's. It doesn't really chirp at all, could be tire compounds, axle shaft flex (aftermarket), who knows... No input on wear as I only have a hundred or so miles on it. For drivability, it's VERY noticeable at low speeds, slow tight turns feel like I'm dragging heavy weight otherwise it's fine. There's no pushing it around with the motor off. At times it seems like it leaves the truck bound up with it leaning a while after a turn street driving (this could be from the softer 52/56 springs without shocks, they do feel way different from regular lift springs).
All of my experience is in the South, lots of rain but no snow. Also, no towing.
As for welding, I've done it on a front axle. My experience with this isn't really applicable to the rear other than to say - weld the crap out of it! Don't tack it, don't make it pretty, absolutely melt that that thing in to a ball of metal. I never understand people that do the small weld jobs on a diff, after the first spark it's all junk so kill it.