I don't see the fast idle cam, but it sounds like it might be on there. Its a plate attached next to the throttle shaft on the same side as that choke rod.
When the choke is working, you push down on the throttle first thing, and the choke plate closes and the throttle is kept from going all the way back to idle by the fast idle cam moving over and holding it open.
As the choke warms up, the choke plate opens and as you work the throttle, the cam moves back and lets the throttle close more and more so the idle speed goes down.
In the meantime, until you figure out what to do, you can disable the whole choke system by tying that rod down and causing the choke butterfly in the top of the carb to stay wide open.
If the fast idle cam is there, tie it back too.
It will be hard starting first thing, and you will have to keep blipping the throttle to keep it going until it warms up, but will run good once it does.
In Orlando, I took the choke butterfly completely off several cars. Easy to do, three screws and its gone. Just make sure the throttle is completely closed when you do.
That way, when you drop one of those two small screws into the intake, they can't get past the throttle butterflys and you can fish it out easy.
But, you are a little too far north to run with no choke in the winter. Down in Orlando, they closed the schools if it got below about 50.........