Hi Dave, there are two types of maintenance chargers, fully-automatic “multi-stage” or “multi-step” chargers, which monitor the battery and charge it as necessary and traditional “float” chargers, which provide constant voltage with tapering amperage to the battery, even when fully-charged. Multi-stage maintainers will charge at varying voltages and varying amperage (rarely exceeding 2 amps) and are preferred for our batteries. For float-charging, we recommend a maximum rate of 1 amp, 13.2-13.8 volts. These chargers are ok too, just not preferred.
Balzer, the voltage regulator and load placed on an alternator determines amperage output, which could be 10 amps or 100 amps (if an alternator is rated that high). Alternators will only produce the current necessary to maintain a battery's target voltage. With the engine idling and no load on a charging system (lights and all accessories off, battery fully-charged), the amperage output of an alternator will be relatively-low and could be less than 10 amps. With the headlights and heater blower fan on and the engine running at 2,000 rpm, the output can jump to 25-30 amps.
Since alternators are voltage-regulated, their output is typically less than 15 volts, with most being around 14.4 volts. We do indicate in our charging information for cyclic applications, that at 14.7 volts, there is no current limit, as long as the battery temperature remains below 125°F (which can be challenging with extremely high-amperage flow). The additional capacity of alternators really comes into play when accessories like winches, large stereos or auxiliary lighting place heavy electrical demands on the system.
You are absolutely correct about the additional electrical demands modern vehicles place on batteries. Accessories like car alarms, satellite radio, navigation systems, TVs, and multiple accessory jacks for everyone to plug their toys into have also contributed to these increases. If anyone has any other questions about our batteries, I'll do my best to answer them.
Jim McIlvaine
eCare Manager, OPTIMA Batteries, Inc.
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