Cut and Turn, More Like A Culinary Course
This is an excerpt from JGVABronco78 on a Pirate thread. Makes it sound like cooking or a science experiment.
"The knuckle is forged and tempered, and it is probably not a good idea to heat it cherry red without some sort of controlled cooling.
If you had it that hot, and still had trouble turning it, that was most likely due to galling between the surfaces. Even though .010" is a tight fit, requiring in excess of 300 degrees differential to fully disengage, rotating it at partial disengagement shouldn't be too difficult due to lack of friction between the surfaces. The galling could have occurred at assembly, or at the rough areas not fully cleaned at the ground out welds.
Once the weld was ground to a full 360 degree parting line, I would press or tap off the knuckle. If available, dry ice packed in the tube would greatly decrease the temperature the knuckle needed to disengage, and would maintain a higher differential temp longer, making the knuckle much easier to tap off with only moderate(400 or 500 degrees max) heat.
Once off, then you would clean both surfaces free from any nicks or burrs. Repack the tube with dry ice for at least 20 to 30 minutes, and heat the knuckle to 450 degrees in an oven. You can quickly test the fit, and if ok, then you can prepare to install it. Keep it in the oven or under flame while you get your welder, shield, match marks, spotter, rods blah, blah blah all handy. When you set it on there for good, you should have about 10 or 20 seconds to seat it, tach it, check it, and another tach opposite the first if you like the orientation. Use tiny tachs in case you don't like the set you can beat it back off quickly. If you have a 3" to 4" outside mike and a telescoping gage, you can set the gage at .005" over the end of the tube diameter, and when it fits smoothly in the knuckle, there's no need for a test fit, you know it will go easy.
Allow the ice to completely evaporate and both pieces to return to ambient temperature before you fully weld. You may wish to preheat to 175 degrees prior to welding the forging, then insulate to cool slowly just for good measure(in case it ends up in the space shuttle)."